EXAMPLE ANSWERS TO EXAM ON LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1617 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Identify two very different organizations that compete on a cost leadership strategy and explain how they do this, i.e. find out what they do that enables them to keep their prices low. Introduction What is difference between manager and a leader? This is a question that asked more than one and answered in many ways. The big difference between manager and a leader is they motivate peoples who work or follow them. By the way , many peoples are act in both roles , they have the management jobs, but they realize that they can not buy heart ,especially follow them down a diffcult path, and so act as leaders too. 1.1 Manager Management which is the organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of defined objectives. A Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when necessary. Mana gers have a position of authority vested in them by the company, and their subordinates work for them and largely do as they are told. As a manager, in all his work within the scope are under the management and administrative. Managers are paid to get things done, they are subordinates too, often within tight constraints of time and money. They thus naturally pass on this work focus to their subordinates. Work under the administrator is qualified for all work and maintain, without change. As a manager in the management all structures and systems are oriented. All the positions are set by the system, and work is also to go along with the system. In the management system, managers are being controlled, including time, work, and salary. In other way , the manager need to focus on bottom line and control the complete the attention of all the work off the assembly line. Leadership is just one important component of the directing function. A manager cannot just be a leader, he also nee ds formal authority to be effective. For any quality initiative to take hold, senior management must be involved and act as a role model. This involvement cannot be delegated. 1.2 Leader Leadership which is academics have great difficulty in defining what a leader is, or pinpointing the reason behind an organisations success. A leader who impact the realization of a goal to achieve a group of people. A leader by its meaning is one who goes first and leads by example, so that others are motivated to follow him. This is a basic requirement. To be a leader, a person must have a deep-rooted commitment to the goal that he will strive to achieve it even if nobody follows him. As a leader, should have innovative ideas and the establishment of a management system without having to be free of innovation. And this will improve a leaders ability. When a leader of the freedom of growth and development. Leader development focuses on the development of the leader, such as the personal attributes desired in a leader, desired ways of behaving, ways of thinking or feeling. The other set of behaviors is referred to as people-oriented style, where the leader provides a more supportive role in providing a positive work environment. In a group where all the members do not allow the system to be controlled, the development of all are free. And all the members are relying on trust to maintain. Besides , as a leader need take care of his own group and motivate the group. The leaders just need to focus on the horizon members only and teach the horizon members to lead their own groups. This will lead the team with team spirit. 1.3 Manager and Leader Managers think incrementally, whilst leaders think radically. Managers do things right, while leaders do the right thing. This means that managers do things by the book and follow company policy, while leaders follow their own intuition, which may in turn be of more benefit to the company. A leader is more emotional than a manager . Men are governed by their emotions rather than their intelligence . This quotation illustrates why teams choose to follow leaders. Leaders stand out by being different. They question assumption and are suspicious of tradition. They seek out the truth and make decisions based on fact, not prejudice. They have a preference for innovation. A leader is someone who people naturally follow through their own choice, and managers must comply. A manager may only be passed to give the company time and the power of loyalty to their own position, not because of his leadership results. A leader may not have organizational skills, but his vision of the people rally behind him. 1.4 Conclusion Management and leadership are two different ways organizations. Managers use a formal, rational method, and the use of the leaders of the enthusiasm and aroused emotions. William Wallace is a good example of a wise leader, but must not be considered manager. 2.0 Introduction Operatin g a successful business strategy is based. But there are, of course, different types of business strategy. Among one of the business strategy is cost leadership strategy. Companies choose cost leadership strategies unique features or customer can accept the relatively standardized product. In other words, with the lowest levels of differentiation and the lowest price competitive. Companies want to be a cost leadership strategy the following must be maintained at lower costs, create value for our customers ongoing efforts to target success. 2.1 Mass Market Mass marketing is product advertising maximum exposure to consumers. This is opposite to where the idea of niche markets and sell products is to promote a specific target market. The target market is identified through research as the most likely to buy a product to consumers part of. Mass marketing also operating the business with products caters for all or public which sell considerably cheap in the perception of consumers. Take a look in a example that Ramly burger and Macdonald burger , Ramly burger is cheaper than Macdonald burger because Ramly burger just a normal tiny business and Ramly burger just only can buy in Malaysia. Macdonald more expensive because it is an international networking business and their cost is higher , some more need register trademarks and a lot of law enforcements stuffs to protect their rights. Besides , Macdonald is one of the top global brands, branding is expensive need a lot of constant advertising. In other way , how does the Ramly burger to keep their price low? By reducing cost , Ramly burger no need to actually rent a land or building to sell , just need to place at a roadside stall to sell it. The supplier also will be cheaper and this make all the cost lower already. Ramly burger dint provide a good enviroment for customers just at the roadside , so the cost will reduce too. Some more , Ramly burger no need to register trademarks and a lot of law enforcement stuffs so their cost will be lower. Besides , process for make the burger is easier and faster also , customers just need to wait about few minutes only. Ramly burger provided a good services such as faster ,cheaper and easier. 2.2 Niche Market Niche market focus on a small population, but specific and clear of all marketing segments. Niches do not exist, but create to determine the needs, desires and not being addressed or not by other companies, and develop and deliver goods or services to meet their requirements. Niche market operating with products cater for a particular segment of consumers which sell at considerably cheap but premium in the perception of consumers. As a strategy, niche marketing is aimed at being a big fish in a small pond instead of being a small fish in a big pond. For example , Old Town Coffee Shop and Starbucks Coffee Shop , even though Starbucks more expensive than Old Town but still have many peoples willing to pay the premium price for the Starbu ckss coffee. Starbucks more famous than Old Town , can be compare with the brand. Then, Starbucks provide internet access and better enviroment compare with Old Town. Old Town cheaper than Starbucks and a lot types of drinks and foods to order too. Starbucks coffee is more expensive because the cost is higher and Starbucks there have varieties of coffee such as latte , cappuccino , espresso , blended and many more. Why peoples willing to pay premium price for the products? Now the people of this age, everyone says the standard of living, it is necessary to improve their standard of living, with a good eat well, so now the people of this age are willing to spend a lot of money in his own body, so let his comfort. Even the Starbucks productss price is higher but still have a lot peoples willing to pay the premium price for the coffees to improve their standard of living. Besides , starbucks coffee has many types of tricks such as latte , cappuccino , espresso , blended and many mor e, is because of this it has attracted many customers willing to pay premium price for the coffees. 2.4 Conclusion Whether expensive or cheap products, will have its own intrinsic value. Usually get a lot of people will put the lowest cost to the most appropriate price. Even then the high value products, it is still the same living standards in pursuit of will buy. Cost leadership strategy may have a low customer loyalty short comings, such as price-sensitive customers will switch a low-cost alternative product available. One as the cost leaders reputation may also lead to lower quality status, which may cause a company is difficult to rename itself or product in the future if it chooses to transfer to a different strategy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "EXAMPLE ANSWERS TO EXAM ON LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT" essay for you Create order

Personal values, belief and attitudes - 3993 Words

Personal values, belief and attitudes As human beings, we all have our own values, beliefs and attitudes that we have developed throughout the course of our lives. Our family, friends, community and the experiences we have had all contribute to our sense of who we are and how we view the world. As community services workers, we are often working with people who are vulnerable and/or who may live a lifestyle that mainstream society views as being different or unacceptable. If, as community services workers, we are to provide a service that meets the needs of our target groups and helps them to feel empowered, we need to be aware of our own personal values, beliefs and attitudes and be prepared to adopt the professional values of our†¦show more content†¦It is important that you develop an awareness of what you value, as these values will be important in informing your relationships with clients, co–workers and employers. The following is a list of common dominant values in Australian society. Tick the values that apply to you and then select the ten most important values you ticked and rank them. (1 = most important, 10 = least important) Click here for the list (.doc 12 KB) Did you learn something about yourself that you didn’t expect? What is important here is your ability to be able to identify the values that are important to you. It is important to be conscious of our values. This knowledge helps us to: †¢ask ourselves why we are doing what we are doing †¢identify the consequences of our actions for ourselves and others (including clients and co-workers) †¢consider other and better options if necessary. It is important to not only have aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Values, Beliefs, And Attitudes1336 Words   |  6 Pagesbeings, we all have our own values, beliefs, and attitudes. These things develop over the course of our lifetime and at any point can change based on an experience that we may have. Our family, friends, community and the experiences we have had all contribute to our sense of who we are and how we view the world. Values, Beliefs, and a Little About Me Over the course of my life my values have changed based on circumstance. Currently if I had to list out my top five values in descending order they wouldRead MoreMulticultural Counselor Competencies Reflect On Culturally911 Words   |  4 Pagesand multiple. As stated on page 230, paragraph one, The Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Arrendondo et al., 1996; Sue and et al., 1992) set standards for the development of beliefs and attitudes, knowledge, and skills in three specific domains: the counselor’s self-awareness of personal beliefs, attitudes, values, and assumptions; understanding the worldview of the client; and the development of appropriate intervention strategies (Arrendondo, 1999). As read in the Journal forRead MoreThe Nature Of Human Values948 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of belief is â€Å"a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing†. Synonyms of belief are faith, credence, credit, and opinion (Belief, n.d.). Definitions are used to express our beliefs, but there are not necessarily the same beliefs for everybody, that is why one word could have more than one definition. For example, Rokeach, a polish-American social psychology, in his book The Nature of Human Values (1973), identified three categories of beliefs: existentialRead MoreAnalyzing the Cultural and Structural Barriers Faced by the Disabled Using the Thompson Personal Cultural Structural Model1166 Words   |  5 PagesThompson Personal Cultural Structural (PCS) model offers a framework for analyzing and assessing the variables associated with specific types of discrimination. 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I was observant to many incidents that my brothers experience with police brutality. My older brother experience racism and wasRead MoreAttitude Formation1356 Words   |  6 PagesAttitude Formation Lawanda Thomas Walden University Attitude Formation The field of social psychology focuses on understanding the behavior of an individual and seeks to include the aspects of external and internal influences that impact behavior. Not only is ones behavior impacted by emotions, behavior is also impacted by how an individual perceives a situation and acceptance to engage in that situation (Fiske, 2010). Hogg and Cooper (2007) argue social psychologists note individuals viewRead MoreThe Game of Life Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesTHE GAME OF LIFE This exhibit is an attempt to reflect the beliefs, values and attitudes that I as an individual strongly embrace at this present time of my life. My beliefs, values and attitudes have been modified and evolved from experiences and interactions with family, school, friends and religion as my life has progressed. I felt the best way to portray these influences in a simplistic yet understandable manner was to clearly arrange them in the corners of a board. The centrepiece of thisRead MoreHrm590665 Words   |  3 Pagescultural basis of our own behaviours, perceptions, beliefs, and values. This enables us to see an interaction from a cultural perspective. It is not just the other person who is displaying culture-specific attitudes and behaviours; we are also doing just that’ (Peter Putnis Roslyn Petelin, ‘Professional Communication principles and applications’, Prentice Hall, Sydney, 1996, p.76). Personal values: Personal values are our core beliefs, values, and philosophies that we hold about life, its purpose

Love Over the Centuries in Writing Essay - 2318 Words

Love Over the Centuries in Writing Compare the different ways and forms in which poets have written about love over the centuries? Love is a universal theme throughout literature from past to modern day. Love has evolved over the centuries, in the way people feel it and show it and so has the way poets have written about love. Over centuries history has changed the values of love and what it is from the French Revolution to the First World War. Always love is an important theme in society therefore in literature. Creating poems of the time to reflect the period when it was written. In the 17th century, poets portrayed love to be sexual and the women would not be sexually active until marriage, because the 17th century was†¦show more content†¦Using flattery to get the women into bed, telling her that it is what is meant to happen. It also suggests the simplicity of his love with the noun vegetable where food is a basic need. Also it implies this by linking love with food, this also brings of connotations of hunger with the women needing to eat or to love. In the second stanza there is a change in attitude, this is portrayed by the connective word But, this is the first word, it has a powerful impact on the poem and sets the mood for the rest of the poem. The second stanza takes more of a forceful side to the poem; the idea of time is introduced to the poem. Andrew Marvell enhances the idea of time in, Time’s winged chariot hurrying near; As the result of this the poem has more urgency. Time is relative to his love meaning that the man wishes he had all the time to spend with his mistress to do what is in the first stanza but can not as he has only so much time. The adjective winged creates an image of speed and out of control, as its flying to swoop down to catch him and that it is out of control however this could also suggest divinely being adding to the affect of having sex being an acceptable action and not a sin. The poem is structured in a very sophisticated form. The first stanza is twenty lines long but the second is only twelve lines long, the first isShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : St. Clare Of Assisi1471 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards she assembled for her nuns in the thirteenth century. Clare s Rule, truth be told, recognizes that just some of her nuns were educated: the individuals who could read were in charge of perusing the religious administrations with an elevated volume; the individuals who co uldn t be given additional petitions to God to say. 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Did Shakespeare try to cheat death with his writing? He may have died about four hundred years ago, but his poetry is very much alive in the world today. Death is imminent; on the contrary, did William Shakespeare intend to cheat death with his writing that has been very much alive sinceRead MoreVirginia Woolf Sentimental Education Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Society on Relationships molded by Economic and Social Status during 19th Century Europe During the turn of the 19th century in Europe, doctrines such as the napoleonic code, and earlier writings from philosophers like Rousseau continued to have a direct impact on how women were seen and treated within society. Virginia Woolf, a 20th century author wrote on how these writings changed societies perception of women and what their roles should be in the eyes of men. 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Sex Trafficking The Exploitation Of Women And Children

Sex trafficking is the exploitation of women and children, within national or across international borders, for the purposes of forced sex work. Modern day trafficking is a type of slavery that involves the transport or trade of people for the purpose of work.Human trafficking impacts people of all backgrounds, and people are trafficked for a variety of purposes. Men are often trafficked into hard labor jobs, while children are trafficked into labor positions in textile, agriculture and fishing industries. Women and girls are typically trafficked into the commercial sex industry, i.e. prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation (Facts on Human Trafficking). Victims of sex trafficking involve women, men, girls or boys, but the†¦show more content†¦Also, victims have psychological harms which include mind/body separation/dissociated ego states, shame, grief, fear, distrust, hatred of men, self-hatred, suicide, and suicidal thoughts. Victims are at risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, acute anxiety, depression, insomnia, and physical hyper-alertness. Victims of trafficking are forced into various forms of commercial sexual exploitation including prostitution, pornography, stripping, live-sex shows, mail-order brides, military prostitution and sex tourism. Sex trafficking can also takes place in a variety of public and private locations such as massage parlors, spas, strip clubs and other fronts for prostitution. Victims may start off dancing or stripping in clubs and then be coerced into situations of prostitution and pornography. Some people may think they are having fun at first but later they realize they don’t want t o do the things. If you are a victim of sex trafficking or you think you have come in contact with a victim of human trafficking, call the National Human Trafficking Resource Center at 1.888.373.7888. (FACT SHEET: SEX TRAFFICKING). There are certain groups or tiers that countries are categorized into. These have to do with the government handle on human trafficking. These include 3 different

The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley Free Essays

string(30) " brought her to Christianity\." In the 18th century, the British colonies that would eventually become the United States of America contained a wide variety of types of people. America really was a â€Å"New World.† It had not really completely invented itself yet. We will write a custom essay sample on The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, there were a wide variety of types of people living in the British American colonies. Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley are two examples of Colonialists in America with markedly different backgrounds, lives, and gender and those differences are reflected in what they wrote. Phyllis Wheatley was kidnapped as a child from Africa and sold to a family in Massachusetts. This family recognized her abilities and educated her. Phyllis Wheatley wrote poetry that reflected her refined upbringing in Massachusetts. Benjamin Franklin, on the other hand, essentially ran away from home at the age of 15 and made his own way. He came from a more working-class family. One thing that these very different two people have in common, however, is that they rose from humble beginnings to accomplish things that are still highly regarded today. Wheatley’s poetry demonstrates that she must have received a classical education. The language she uses is elaborate and full of symbolism. They reflect high degrees of optimism and idealism. One example of such a poem by Wheatley is â€Å"On Imagination.† In the poem, Wheatley uses metaphor to think of imagination as an â€Å"imperial queen.† In language that would be considered artificial and stilted today, she writes, â€Å"Thy wond’drous acts in beauteous order stand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The flowery and exalted language compare sharply with Benjamin Franklin’s style of writing, which was much more practical and down-to-earth. Much of Franklin’s writing was completely practical in nature. In â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac† he provided information people needed at the time in their everyday lives. He wrote pithy columns for daily or weekly publications about issues that affected people right then. Franklin was a practical man, and although he displayed tremendous imagination, he put it to practical use. While Wheatley was writing about â€Å"Th’ empyreal palace of the thund’ring God.† Franklin debated the merits of being married vs. taking an older woman as a mistress. These differences are to be expected. In the 18th century, genteel women – and Wheatley was raised as a genteel woman even though she started her life in America as a slave – did not concern themselves with the practical realities of life. The differences in their writing highlight the fact that although they both grew above their position at birth, Franklin was able to elevate himself more than Wheatley could. Part of this difference undoubtedly lies in their racial differences, and part of it their gender differences. Franklin was an active inventor, a highly imaginative use of creativity. He invented bifocals, a development that resulted in dramatic changes in the manufacture of eyeglasses. He invented the Franklin Stove. Homes were often heated by fireplaces during that time, and only one side of a fireplace released heat into the room. The Franklin Stove stands in the room and is not built into the wall. The result is that heat is released from all sides, providing more heat for the home. While Franklin’s work was largely practical, sometimes he applied imagination to life simply out of curiosity. He devised his experiment with a kite and a key because he was curious about lightning, not because he was looking for some way to harness lightning and use It in some practical way. But even then his approach was simple and concrete. He wrote no flowery poem extolling the wonders of lightning after he finished his experiment. It seems likely that if a woman had taken a kite, tied a key to the string and flown the kite in a thunderstorm, people might have thought she had gone mad. The differences between Franklin’s and Wheatley’s writing may reflect a difference in formal education. Wheatley must have had a formal, classical education to write in the style she did. Her poetry includes references to Greek mythology. We know that Franklin had little formal education. During the 18th century this did not have to interfere with advancement and a high level of education was not required for most jobs. As a printer, it seems likely that skill with his hands would be at least as important as the ability to read and write, skills Franklin clearly developed. But since he was apprenticed to his brother at age 12 and fled to Philadelphia when he was 15 it seems very unlikely that he had an opportunity to study Greek myths. Franklin advanced himself by developing skills that had real market value. He became a very good printer and actually created a franchise for his skills. His writings were widely read. He had a trade, he was very good at it, and because of that he could support himself and his wife well. His wife helped. She ran the store they owned. But she did not start businesses on her own, and while she was certainly entitled to share in her husband’s wealth, she would have had a very hard time accomplishing what he accomplished on her own. For instance, Franklin began his first real successful printing enterprise by getting a loan. It seems unlikely that such a loan would have been given to his wife. Wheatley, of course, had the added obstacle of being Black. Interestingly, it appears that being Black was not much of an obstacle for Wheatley, given the times in which she lived. She still received an outstanding education. Instead, the differences between Franklin and Wheatley may be more one of class. Wheatley’s poetry suggests an upper class education, whereas Franklin’s life and writing suggests a much closer connection to the common man. It also appears that Wheatley was very religious. This is revealed in another of her poems, where she expresses thanks for being brought to America as a slave, because it brought her to Christianity. You read "The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley" in category "Papers" However, her religious beliefs go well beyond the simple concept of salvation. In â€Å"On Imagination,† she views imagination as God’s residence, and writes, â€Å"From star to star the mental optics rove, measure the skies, There in one view we grasp the mighty whole, or with new worlds amaze th’ unbounded soul.† She sees God in everything she views, and grasps the enormity of creation. By comparison, Franklin talks about religion in practical terms. In his letter â€Å"Advice on the Choice of a Mistress,† he says that taking an older woman for a mistress is less of a sin than â€Å"debauching a Virgin.† While he mentions sin, most of his letter witty and clever but completely ignores the issue of whether taking a mistress is against God’s law or not. His argument is moral: don’t ruin a young girls’ life just because you don’t want to marry – it’s not necessary. Franklin wrote directly, and without metaphor, especially the extended ones Wheatley was fond of. He used short sentences that got right to the point, such as â€Å"A stitch in time saves nine.† Wheatley, however, wrote more elaborate expressions. When she admired the paintings of a young African-American, she wrote a 34-line using iambic pentameter – the same meter often chosen by Shakespeare. However, although we know from reading her poem that she admired the paintings, we don’t get any clear image of what the painting might have looked like. She spends a good part of the poem in good wishes for the poet: â€Å"Still may the paint’s and the poet’s fire to aid thy pencil, and thy verse conspire~ And may the charms of each seraphic theme Conduct they footsteps to immortal fame!† By comparison, Franklin gives very specific and practical advice to his friend who does not wish to marry, including 8 reasons he should take an older mistress if he does not marry, including the final one: â€Å"and lastly. They are so grateful!!!† Such earthy humor is not present in the poems of Wheatley’s examined here. He also gives humorous advice such as to cover the upper torso of an older lover with a basket, because the head and upper body suffer the ravages of age first. Even when giving intensely personal advice, Franklin is practical as well as entertaining. Franklin seems to enjoy bawdy humor based on this example. However, it should be noted that Franklin may not have intended this letter to be published and may have written in a less graphic style for public consumption. Benjamin Franklin lived a remarkable life. He was apprenticed to his older brother and worked hard for him, only to make his brother jealous of Benjamin’s abilities. Benjamin managed to keep his brother’s paper operational while the brother was in jail for expressing his beliefs, and wrote a column for it anonymously, slipping his work under the door at night. When he finally revealed to his brother that he was â€Å"Silence Dogood,† his brother only scolded him. Defying the norms of the day, he ran away at age 15. He arrived penniless in Philadelphia but not only created his own fortune, but won the hand of the young woman who first saw him when he arrived in Philadelphia looking quite disreputable. He then parlayed one success into the next, ended up a leader in the emerging new country, and served as the new country’s ambassador to France. Franklin seems to have succeeded at everything he attempted to do. With almost no education, he became a famous writer, a founding father of what became a great nation, and an ambassador. He had no advantage of class; upper class youth were educated and not apprenticed to a trade. He seems to have had a talent for recognizing opportunity when it was presented to him, because running away was illegal. Such an action could have begun a serious downward spiral. Instead it was the start of the first of many opportunities Franklin created for himself. Along the way he developed concern for the common good. He organized Philadelphia’s first hospital and first fire department. Wheatley’s circumstances were quite different. Kidnapped and brought to the U. S. as a slave, she was fortunate to be purchased by a family that educated her. However, she could not have had the opportunities to create her own fortune as Franklin did, both because she was female and because she was Black. One has to wonder how Phyllis Wheatley fit into Massachusetts society as an adult. It would have been difficult for her to find an African-American husband who had her level of education. It just have been quite a shock to many to discover that the beautiful, elaborate poetry had been written by a former slave. It would have been very difficult for her to get a college education. Perhaps she could have been a teacher, maybe for African-American children, but genteel women of the time were not brought up to have some kind of career or trade. That was the province of young men such as Benjamin Franklin. Still, both Franklin and Wheatley seem to have made the best they could of their circumstances. Franklin had an uncanny knack for business and understood the printing trade very well. It probably helped him that he entered this field just as being able to communicate with people via the printed word was going to become very important. The printed word played an important role in rallying colonists around the cause of separating from Great Britain. In spite of what must have been very restrictive circumstances, Wheatley found the perfect outlet for her education, language abilities and intellectual skills in her ornate poetry. In this way, both Franklin epitomized the United States during the 18th century, because for people with talent and determination, America truly was a land of opportunity. How to cite The Difference Between Benjamin Franklin and Phyllis Wheatley, Papers

Ted Bundy free essay sample

Ted Bundy his Killings as Part of the Control Theory Ted Bundy was a serial killer in the 1970s, in Florida. He grew up in normal Christian loving home with five brothers and sisters. There was no drinking, drug use, or any such things round the house. Growing up Ted considered himself a â€Å"normal† kid. As Ted grew into his teens, he started having desirers of something more. Ted felt something was missing. He had a yearning for a release. Ted soon found his relief in store market porn, which served already to demonstrate his lack of ability to control his drive for deviance. As Ted aged, he found that magazine centerfolds helped him sooth his desire but he needed more. Ted progressed to movies, but his yearning needed more fuel. As the desires progressed he added violence to the print and movie porn. Ted still needed more. He needed to have his desired fulfilled. Only two of the seven girls was identified and revealed to be Janice Ott and Denise Naslund who both disappeared on the same day, for both these girls there were eye witnesses stating they say them with a man in a plaster cast who drove a VW beetle. During the months of October and November Bundy took another four victims when he moved over to Utah, one of those victims being the local police chief’s daughter. It was the Utah police that noticed that these crimes were very similar to the ones that had occurred in Washington, and sought assistance from the Washington police. It was Bundy’s partner of five years Meg Anders that recognised the description and called the police saying she thinks the killer might be her husband but because of Bundy’s charm they disregarded him as a potential suspect. On 8th November 1974 Bundy attempted to abduct a girl of the name Carol DaRonch that gave the police the break they needed as Carol had managed to escape her fate. On the same night though Debby Kent was not so fortunate being abducted and killed the same night. Caryn Campbell was the next victim to be identified on the 12th January 1975 succumbing to the vicious killing of Bundy. Police were starting to see that the Taylor Mountains was a favoured spot for Bundy for the dumping of the bodies. Despite though having found the desired dumping place police of all four states were no closer to catching Bundy then they were before. It was on 16th August 1975 that Bundy was picked up after a short chase in Salt Lake City after a police recognised the VX beetle. It was when the vehicle was searched and they uncovered handcuffs, a ski mask and a crowbar that they were able to arrest Bundy. Carol DaRonch was able to pick Bundy out of a line up and police were sure then that have caught the serial killer. A full scale investigation was set against Bundy where Meg Anders was able to assist the police; however Bundy continued to plead his innocence, although police at the time had evidence tying him to the Taylor Mountains area they were not able to tie him to all the murders that were found to be up there. Theories There are a few theories which can be applied to Ted Bundy to link together key events in his life to his offending behaviour. The first theory that will be drawn upon is the psychodynamic or hydraulic model, this theory believes that all humans if not managed properly or held in check will be prone to aggressive impulses and therefore are more likely to commit violent crimes. Sigmund Freud studied this model and came to believe that humans are born with this aggression and that it can build up during growth and if not dissipated or drained it can reach dangerous levels and hence an outburst or aggression of different types. Then there is the modelling theory, which was created by Albert Bandura. Bandura identifies three types of modelling theories being family members, members of one’s subculture and symbolic models provided by the mass media. The last model is the model that would fit best with Ted Bundy. The mass media which can include television, movies, magazines, newspapers and books are all types of symbolic models, with things such as the internet and video games advancing more and more every day. With growing children watching television more and more often, it offers to them hundreds of potentially powerful aggressive and violent models, these can range from what looks like the innocent cartoons all the way up to x rated cable movies that children have easy access to, deeming them model the behaviour they have seen and witnessed and the media no telling that it is wrong to model these types of behaviours (Barton Bartol, 2001). Both these theories can be tied into very critical events happened during his life. The hydraulic or psychodynamic model can be seen when he goes through the break up with Stephanie Brooks and then later that year he found out about his true parentage, which would have created a lot of pent up anger inside him and instead of talking to someone about it he just threw himself into work and university, and we can see this pent up frustration later when he again meets up with Stephanie and starts a relationship with her and then breaks it off with no warning just as she had done with him, giving him the revenge he wanted. Then there is the modelling theory which can be linked with his addiction to hard core pornography. Ted says in an interview with James Dobson â€Å"Before we go any further, it is important to me that people believe what I am saying. I’m not blaming pornography. I’m not saying it caused me to go out and do certain things. I take full responsibility for all the things I have done. That’s not the question here. The issue is how this kind of literature contributed and helped mould and shape the kinds of violent behaviours† (Dobson, 1995). So although the pornography wasn’t the main cause of Ted Bundy’s offences, he does believe that it certainly fuelled him and as he said it moulded and shaped the crimes which he committed. Conclusion In conclusion through this case study it is believed that the two theories being hydraulic and psychodynamic model and the modelling theory can be directly tied to key aspects in Ted Bundy’s life which could have contributed to him offending. It is believed that his addiction to hard core pornography was a key issue and although is not the primary reason he started offending it was a key mould in which fuelled his offending. There was also the break up and the finding out of his true parentage that would have caused very mixed emotions within Ted Bundy which he was not able to express and because bottled up inside of him. It was his intelligence and his charm that put police off him for so many years and was never arrested, but only to his own errors that he was eventually caught and convicted, which ultimately lead to his execution by electric chair on 24th January 1989 at 7. 00am. References Allhoff, F. (2010).